干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 地面灌溉水流特性及水分利用率的田间试验研究

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	地面灌溉水流特性及水分利用率的田间试验研究
其他题名	Field evaluation of water flow performance and application efficiency for border irrigation
	李久生 1; 饶敏杰 2
来源期刊	农业工程学报
ISSN	1002-6819
出版年	2003
卷号	19 期号:3 页码:54-58
中文摘要	在内蒙古风沙区一种砂土和壤质砂土的春小麦生育期内进行了畦田规格和灌水技术要素对水流推进和消退过程、田间水利用系数、灌水效率及灌水均匀系数影响的田间试验。试验中畦田坡度基本一致，畦长均为60m，畦宽变化范围为14m，单宽流量为3．815．2L／(s·m)。结果表明，畦田水流推进曲线可用幂函数表示。在所研究的畦田中，1m宽度的畦田灌水效率最低，宽度2m和3m的畦田灌水效率相近，畦宽由3m增加到4m时，灌水效率呈降低趋势，因此试验条件下的畦田适宜宽度为23m。对所研究的土壤来说，春小麦生育期内平均灌水效率(田间水利用系数)仅为0．5左右，与规范规定值(0．90以上)尚有很大差距。利用水量平衡法求出的土壤入渗参数和观测的入渗时间，计算了入渗水深均匀系数。结果表明，入渗水深均匀系数随畦宽的变化趋势与灌水效率相同，但可以达到0．8以上。对地面灌溉来说，高均匀系数并不一定意味着高灌水效率(田间水利用系数)。
英文摘要	Field experiments were conducted in a sandy soil in the arid region to investigate the influences of border dimensions and irrigation variables on the performance of water advance and recession, application efficiency and distribution uniformity (DU). In the experiments, all the borders studied had an approximately equal slope and constant length of 60m, while the width of the border strips was varied from 1 to 4 m and the inflow rate was varied from 3. 8 to 15. 2 L/(s·m). Results showed that the relationship between advance . distance and time could be represented by a power function. Of the borders studied, 1 m-wide borders gave the lowest application efficiency, while borders having 2 and 3 m width gave an approximate similar efficiency. Application efficiency showed a decreasing tendency as the border width increased from 3 m to 4 m. All the borders produced relatively low application efficiency, with an average value of about 0. 5 for the whole irrigation season. Infiltration parameters (K and a) for Kostiakov’s equation were estimated by a volume balance approach and distribution uniformity (DC/) for infiltrated depth was calculated. It was found that DU varied with border width in a similar pattern to application efficiency. A high DU of greater than 0. 75 was observed for most of the borders. The results suggest that high DU value do not necessarily mean a high application efficiency for surface irrigation.
中文关键词	地面灌溉 ; 水流特性 ; 灌水效率
英文关键词	surface irrigation water flow performance application efficiency
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1276845
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/204228
作者单位	1.国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心, 国家节水灌溉北京工程技术研究中心, 北京 100094, 中国; 2.中国农业科学院农业气象研究所, 北京 100081, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李久生,饶敏杰. 地面灌溉水流特性及水分利用率的田间试验研究[J],2003,19(3):54-58.
APA	李久生,&饶敏杰.(2003).地面灌溉水流特性及水分利用率的田间试验研究.农业工程学报,19(3),54-58.
MLA	李久生,et al."地面灌溉水流特性及水分利用率的田间试验研究".农业工程学报 19.3(2003):54-58.