干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 7种荒漠啮齿动物食物组成与消化道长度的比较

Arid

	7种荒漠啮齿动物食物组成与消化道长度的比较
其他题名	A comparison of the content and morphology of the digestive tracts of seven desert rodent species
	李俊生; 宋延龄; 曾治高
来源期刊	动物学报
ISSN	0001-7302
出版年	2003
卷号	49 期号:2 页码:171-178
中文摘要	对荒漠地带几种啮齿动物在自然环境中夏季主要食物组成以及消化道长度的适应性变化进行了比较。三趾跳鼠(Dipus sagitta)、五趾跳鼠(Allactage sibirica)、子午沙鼠(Meriones meridianus)和红耳鼠兔(Ochotona erythrotis)胃内的主要食物成分为当年生植物嫩茎、叶和部分灌木韧皮部分，灰仓鼠(Cricetulus migratorius)及黑线仓鼠(C．barabensis)食物组成中种子、花和浆果以及昆虫出现较高的频率，小家鼠(Mus musculus)的食物构成以种子类为主，与食物组成相适应，总消化道和各器官长度存在明显的种间差异，而且各器官间盲肠和大肠长度的种间差异明显大于小肠的种间差异，胃和盲肠及其内容物的重量也存在显著的种间差异，但小肠和大肠及其内容物重量的种间差异则不显著。其结果验证了下述假设：栖息于同一生境的植食性小哺乳类具有不同食物资源利用模式，而同域共存物种消化道形态结构的差异是对食物资源利用种间权衡的功能反应。
英文摘要	Tract morphology among sympatric desert rodent species was examined in order to reveal if these species coexist through food resource partitioning. The field work was carried out in the summer of 2001 (July- August) in two arid deserts, one in suburban Jiayuguan city and the other in suburban Dunhuang township, both of which are in the western region of Gansu Province, China. The climate of both study areas is very dry and the maximum rainfall occurs in the sum?mer season. The mean annual temperature was 10 °C and the mean annual precipitation varied from 35 mm to 45 mm during 1990-2000. Vegetation at both study areas was dominated by Tamarix remosissima , Nitraria sphaerocarpa , Haloxylon ammodendrom, Alhagi maurorum, Ephedra przeivalskii, Sympegna regelii, Nitraria spp. , Salsola passerina , Achnatherum splendens and Carex spp. Animals were captured with small break-back traps (snapping bar). Traps were placed in a rectangular grid of five lines 10 m apart (measured) and 100 traps were laid at 5 m intervals along each line. Peanuts were used as bait. Traps were laid in the evening and checked the next morning. A total of 1 500 trapping days were conducted at each site. Captured animals were brought to the laboratory for dissection. The species of each specimen was identified, and age and sex were also determined. A total of seven species were captured, including Dipus sagitta , Allactage sibirica , Meriones meridianus, Cricetulus migratorius, C. barabensis, Mus musculus, and O-chotona erythrotis. Measurements of weight and body length were taken and the reproductive status of each specimen determined before any further examination. Digestive tracts were carefully removed and separated from adhesive and adipose tissue. The following measurements were then taken: weights of stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and caecum (all with contents) ; lengths of small intestine, large intestine and caecum. The contents of stomach and cheek pouches were checked and sorted as leaves, stems, flowers, roots, seeds, fruits, and insects and used to determine the food preferences of each species. The parameter of body weight was used to analyze inter specific variation in the length of the total gut and separate organs by covariance, and the weight of the separate organs and their contents by ANCOVA. Differences in relative intestine length (ratio between hind gut length to head/body length) among different species were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Analysis of stomach and cheek-pouch contents showed that the seven rodents species fed on different food items. Three kinds of food preferences could be distinguished among the 7 species, i. e. herbivores, omnivores and granivores. Total digestive tract length was significantly different among the 7 species and their food preferences seemed to bean important factor in this difference. Herbivores had the longest digestive tracts, omnivores the next longest and granivores the shortest. Interspecific variation in large intestine ( F5<107 = 15.762, P<0.01) and caecum length (F5,107 = 5.024, P<0.01) was significant larger than that of the small intestine (F5,1077 = 3.359, P<0.01). There were significant interspecific differences in stomach and caecum weight (F1077 =6.662, P<0.01; F5,107o7 = 9.003, P <0.01, respectively). However, there were no significant difference in small and large intestine weight ( f-5,107 = 0.851, P>0.05; F5,107 = 1.723, P>0.05, respectively). These results support our hypotheses that: 1) food selection patterns are different among rodent species that live in the same desert habitat, and 2) The different features of gut morphology among these species are a functional manifestation of the partitioning of food resources in the desert environ?ment [Acta Zoologica Sinica 49 (2): 171-178, 2003].
中文关键词	荒漠地带 ; 啮齿动物 ; 食物组成 ; 消化道长度 ; 比较研究 ; 种间差异 ; 同域共存物种
英文关键词	Coexistence Species rodents Food composition Digestive tracts morphology Interspecific difference
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ZOOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Zoology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1274552
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203969
作者单位	中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100080, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	李俊生,宋延龄,曾治高. 7种荒漠啮齿动物食物组成与消化道长度的比较[J],2003,49(2):171-178.
APA	李俊生,宋延龄,&曾治高.(2003).7种荒漠啮齿动物食物组成与消化道长度的比较.动物学报,49(2),171-178.
MLA	李俊生,et al."7种荒漠啮齿动物食物组成与消化道长度的比较".动物学报 49.2(2003):171-178.