干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 塔里木河流域40a来气候水文变化及其影响

Arid

	塔里木河流域40a来气候水文变化及其影响
其他题名	change of climate and hydrology in the tarim river rasin during past 40 years and their impact
	王顺德 1; 王彦国 1; 王进 1; 毛炜峄 2; 沈永平 3
来源期刊	冰川冻土
ISSN	1000-0240
出版年	2003
卷号	25 期号:3 页码:315-320
中文摘要	塔里木河流域平原地区在近10a明显变暖，较明显的增温出现在近20a.大部分平原地区近10a反而略有变干的迹象；20世纪90年代是流域山区近40a来最暖阶段，在天山南麓中西部山区和凰米尔高原一带90年代增湿幅度大，西昆化山北坡一带近20a降水变化很小，塔里木河流域4条源流出山口多年平均径流量为224.910~8m~3(1957-1999)年，年代际尺度上，50-80年代基本接近多年平均值，而90年代由于受山区增暖变湿影响，4条源流径流量达241.910~8m~3增幅7.6%由于源流区人类活动的影响和粗放型农业，补给塔里木河源流条数减少，塔里木河干流上中游区间耗水量严谨重，中下游水量来水量在近40a中持续减少，导致下游生态环境急剧恶化。
英文摘要	The Tarim Basin is the biggest arid in?land basin in China. The Tarim River Basin is loca?ted in the southern half of Xinjiang. It is surroun?ded by mountains on three sides and is a closed-ba-sin with no outlet to the sea. Most of the inner ar-ea of the basin comprises the Taklamakan Desert. From the confluence of its three main contributing tributaries, the Tarim River mainstream extends 1 321 km to Taitema Lake. There are numerous other rivers coming down from the mountains that disappear into the desert. A number of rivers fed by snowmelt and glacier melt begin in the mountains and drain into the basin with average annual virgin flow of about 35 billion m3. Around the rivers may be found oases of small villages and agriculture.The three tributary river systems that contrib?ute flows to the Tarim River (Aksu, Hotan and Yarkant) join just above the Aler gauging station where the Tarim River begins. In addition the Kaidu-Konque River Basin, which is hydrologically separate from the Tarim River, contributes water to the Tarim River by means of a man-made trans-fer channel. Actual annual contributions under ex-isting conditions are estimated to be 2. 9 billion m~3 for Aksu, 1. 2 billion m~3 for Hotan, 0. 1 billion m~3 for Yarkant, and 0. 15 billion m~3 for Konque, for a total of 4. 35 billion m~3. All of this water is con?sumptively used before reaching the green corri?dor.In past 40 years, last decade (1991-2000) is the warmest period for mountainous area and wet-test period for the plain area, whereas increasing wet of the plain area appeared in last 20 years, and a lighten dry trend in last decade for most part of the plain except Aksu Oasis. A distinct increasing precipitation is in 1990s for most parts of mountains region of Tarim River Basin including the south slopes of the Tianshan and Pamirs, and but a decreasing precipitation zone is in west Kun-lun Mountains during last 20 years.As the influence of the warm-wet weather on the river resources, the streamflow sourced from the four tributary river systems that contribute flows to the Tarim River (Aksu, Hotan, Yarkant and Kaidu) have a increasing trend in past 40 years, and the total runoff of the Tarim River Ba-sin during the years from 1991 to 2000 increased by 7. 6% of that during the past 40 years. Historical annual flows average over 4 billion m3 , but for the past two decades there has essentially been no flow below Daxihaizi Reservoir, 300 km upstream of Taitema Lake. This 300 km reach referred to as the "green corridor", has thus been without any significant or sustained flow during this 20 year pe-riod. Water quantity has been drastically reduced and water quality has deteriorated dramatically in the lower reaches of the Tarim River which have negatively impacted irrigated agriculture and pas-ture lands.
中文关键词	塔里木河流域 ; 变暖增湿 ; 径流量增加
英文关键词	tarim river basin climatic change to warm-wet runoff increasing
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	MINERALOGY
WOS研究方向	Mineralogy
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1304212
来源机构	中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203819
作者单位	1.阿克苏水文水资源勘测局, 阿克苏, 新疆 843000, 中国; 2.新疆环境气象中心, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830002, 中国; 3.中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	王顺德,王彦国,王进,等. 塔里木河流域40a来气候水文变化及其影响[J]. 中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院,2003,25(3):315-320.
APA	王顺德,王彦国,王进,毛炜峄,&沈永平.(2003).塔里木河流域40a来气候水文变化及其影响.冰川冻土,25(3),315-320.
MLA	王顺德,et al."塔里木河流域40a来气候水文变化及其影响".冰川冻土 25.3(2003):315-320.