干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径

Arid

	塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径
其他题名	Salinization and improvement ways of water quality of Tarim River, Xinjiang, China
	樊自立; 马英杰; 张惠; 杜莉
来源期刊	水科学进展
ISSN	1001-6791
出版年	2002
卷号	13 期号:6 页码:719-725
中文摘要	塔里木河在1958年前是一条淡水河，河水的矿化度在各段及不同季节均未超过1.0 g/L，现全河段各月平均矿化度除8月洪水季节＜1.0 g/L，其余各朋都在1.0 g/L以上。上游阿拉尔水文站平均每年有5个为1～3 g/L，4个月为3～5g/L，2个月超过5g/L，最高5月份达到6.3 g/L。阿拉尔的淡水所占比例不足年平均径流量的35％。下游卡拉全部为微咸水。造成塔里木河水矿化度升高的原因，除气候干旱、蒸发强烈、土壤含盐量高等自然因素外，主要是灌溉、排水不合理，上洲三条主要支流灌溉引水增加，使补给干流的淡水资源量由1960年前的50.0亿m~3减少到1990年后的42.0M~3；与此同时大量农田排水泄入塔里木河，每年带入盐量达467.4万t。要改善塔里木河水质，必须减少农田排水泄入，实行咸、淡分流，退耕还林；并在源流区适度开发地下水，使三源流向塔里木河输水量每年不少于46.0亿m~3。
英文摘要	The stream water of Tarim River was fresh before 1958, and its mineralized degree was below 1.0g/L at all the river sections and at all seasons. However, the average monthly mineralized degree of the water at all the river sections are over 1.0 g/L in the whole year except the flood season in August. At Aral Hydrometric Station at the upper reaches of Tarim River, the monthly mineralized degree of the water is 1 to 3 g/L, 3 to 5 g/L and over 5 g/L for 5, 4, and 2 months respectively every year, and the highest value comes to 6.3 g/L in May. The proportion of fresh water at Aral is lower than 35% of the annual runoff volume. The stream water at Kara at the lower reaches is totally sub-salt water. The main causes resulting in the high mineralization of the stream water of Tarim River are the irrational irrigation and drainage, increase of the water consumption for irrigation at the upper reaches, which decrease in the annual fresh water volume of the mainstream of Tarim River from 5 billion m~3 before 1960 to 4.2 billion m~3 after 1990, except the effects of natural factors, such as arid climate, great evaporation, and high salt content in soil. Meanwhile, large amounts of the drained water from farmalands is discharged into Tarim River, brought the salt of 4.674 million t into the river every year. In order to improve the stream water quality of Tarim River, it is suggested to reduce the volume of the drained water from farmlands, separate the salt water and fresh water, withdrew from farming to reforesting and grass-planting, properly excploit groundwater in the areas of the three tributaries so as to maintain an annual discharged water volume of 4.6 billion m~3/a to the mainstream from those tributaries of Tarim River.
中文关键词	塔里木河 ; 水质盐化 ; 改善途径
英文关键词	Tarim River salinization of stream water improvement way
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1069027
来源机构	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203423
作者单位	中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 乌鲁木齐, 新疆 830011, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	樊自立,马英杰,张惠,等. 塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径[J]. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,2002,13(6):719-725.
APA	樊自立,马英杰,张惠,&杜莉.(2002).塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径.水科学进展,13(6),719-725.
MLA	樊自立,et al."塔里木河水质盐化及改善途径".水科学进展 13.6(2002):719-725.