干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 中国生物地理区划研究

Arid

	中国生物地理区划研究
其他题名	Preliminary Researches on Bio-Geographical Divisions of China
	解焱; 李典谟
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2002
卷号	22 期号:10 页码:1599-1615
中文摘要	首先将中国版图根据综合自然（包括海拔、地形、气候、植被、水系、农业区等）因素，利用GIS技术手段，划分出124个基本单元。同时，根据一定的原则选择了171种哺乳类和509种植物物种，利用中国物种信息系统收集这些物种的分布信息，并运用GIS技术将这些信息转换为各个基本单元内这些物种存在与否的信息，再用数学量化分析方法，即Sphirensen相似性指数公工计算相关矩阵，以及Ward方法进行聚类分析，得到上述124个基本单元的哺乳类和植物分布相似性聚类图，从而最终得到一个新的定量化的、更具客观性和实用意义的中国生物地理区划系统，以及关于中国物生地理区划的许多重要结论。该区划包括4个区域（8个亚区域）、27个生物地理区和124个生物地理单元。采用从基本单元到高级区划的研究方法，在生物地理区划研究领域，这是一种方法学上的尝试，利用物种的分布相似性聚类来帮助确定区划界线，减少对研究者自身所拥有的物种及生物知识及经验的依赖，因而更具有客观性，较少掺杂研究者的主观臆断。这种方法也同样适用于其他生物门类区划的研究。
英文摘要	On the basis of comprehensive physical factors including altitude, landforms, climate, vegetation, hydrology, land-use, etc., the present paper divides China’s territory into 124 basic units by using the GIS technique. 171 species of mammals and 509 of higher plants were selected for the study according to certain principles. Distribution information for these species were entered into the China Species Information System, and converted into geographical coordinates. Presence-absence information for these species were entered into the China Species Information System, and converted into geographical coordinates. Presence-absence information for mammal and plant species in each unit was used to compute species composition similarity for the 124 units. Mathematical quantitative analysis was then applied. The Sphirensen similarity index was used to calculate correlation matrices, and produce a cluster analysis result using the Ward method. The paper summarizes the differences in distribution between the two taxa and describes the reasons causing these differences. It also makes many important conclusions on the definition of boundaries of bio-geographical divisions of China. The ecological niche of mammals is much wider than that of plants, and reflects the obvious fact that plants are more sensitive to elevational changes refelecting physical geographical factors. The phenomenon is especially marked in the southeast of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Yunnan Province and the vast upland area to the south of the Changjiang River. In these areas, the range boundaries of the mammals differ from that of either physical geography or plants. The boundaries of the Indo-Malayan Realm for mammals and plants are markedly different. Mammal species distributions are obviously divided by large mountain ranges or rivers. Compared to plants, the distributions of mammals are more easily interrupted by human activities. The species in the Altain Mountain are more similar to those in the Northwest Region than to those in the Great Xingan Mountains area. The species in the Qaidaum Basin are more similar to those in the Qilian Mountain than to those in the Talimu Basin. The Southern border of species distribution in the Northwest Arid Region should be the Kunlun Mountain area rather than the south edge of the Talimu Basin. Mammals in the Qinling Mountains are quite similar to those in the Hengduan Mountains, but the plant species in these two areas are markedly different. However, despite a number of differences of distributional characteristics for animals and plants, the overall patterns are reasonably similar in most regions. On the basis of the cluster analysis, this study produced an objective and quite general bio-geographic division system, consisting of 4 areas, 8 sub-areas, 27 regions and 124 units. The system clearly shows the similarity among regions not only in the terms of physical geography, but also of species composition and ecology. It has practical utility for biodiversity conservation programs. This study adopts a method that starts from basic units and progresses to higher-level divisions (the traditional way is therefore reversed), which is a more objective methodological approach for identifying bio-geographic divisions. Using this method, the division boundaries can be defined according to the results of a cluster analysis of species distribution, rather than researcher’s subjective knowledge and experience of species and ecology. This method is also applicable to other biological taxa.
中文关键词	生物地理区划 ; 物种 ; 中国物种信息系统 ; 聚类分析
英文关键词	Bio-Geographical division species China species information system cluster analysis
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1045134
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203394
作者单位	中国科学院动物研究所, 北京 100080, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	解焱,李典谟. 中国生物地理区划研究[J],2002,22(10):1599-1615.
APA	解焱,&李典谟.(2002).中国生物地理区划研究.生态学报,22(10),1599-1615.
MLA	解焱,et al."中国生物地理区划研究".生态学报 22.10(2002):1599-1615.