干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 可持续农业及其指示因子研究进展

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	可持续农业及其指示因子研究进展
其他题名	Review on Sustainable Agriculture and Some Key Indicators
	孔正红; 张新时; 周广胜
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2002
卷号	22 期号:4 页码:577-585
中文摘要	回顾可持续农业的演变和发展历史，概括介绍了可持续农业的定义、内涵、理论基础以及研究方法和内容。重点评述了国外关于可持续农业量化研究进展情况，对几个公认的量化生态可持续性的指示因子：土壤，水分，生物多样性等进行了仔细分析，以期对国内农业的可持续发展研究有所借鉴和启发。文章最后还结合我国目前农业发展中存在的问题以及未来农业面临的挑战，指出：提高农产品的数量和质量，防止水土流失和荒漠化，提高水分利用率以及生物多样性保护是我国农业可持续发展的关键指示因子，并提出了21世纪我国可持续农业发展的几个模式。
英文摘要	Evolution and development of sustainable agriculture as well as relevant concepts, methos have been reviewed in the paper. Sustainable agriculture involves the successful management of resources for agriculture to satisfy changing human needs while maintaining or enhancing the quality of environment and coserving natural resources base. The term "sustainable sgriculture" was coined to substitute the high input and output featured industrial agriculture when it has achieved what it was expected and began to produce more problems than it can solve. Although the concept of "sustainable agriculture" has been widely acknowledeged, accepted and quoted, it means different thing with different people, just as myriads of answers ot its definition. However, three common themes: ecological soundness, economic viability and social justice are exdeptionally included in each definition. The goal of agricultural sustainability expects to be obtained through tradeoffs among the three common themes. Ecology is the theoretical base for sustainalbe agriculture as agricultural productive systems are special ecosystems themselves and sustainability is closely related to various ecological processes and function, such as hydrological cycling, energy flow and biodiversity and so on. Study on agricultural sustainability requires a way of system and cooperation of multi-discipline as sustainability will be achieved through the balance among various objectives and needs efforts from biologists, chemists, physician and socialists and so on. Quantification of sustainability remains to be the goal of the sutdy of sustainable agriculture. Attempts tried to attain it have throw lights on working out key indicators for agricultural sustainability. Soil quality, were and biodiversity are generally nodded indicators for agricultural sustainability. Soil quality, water and biodiversity are generally nodded indicators for measurement of ecological sustainability. Soil microbses are sensitive and precautious to whatever changes happened to soil and biological index are held to have greater potentiality to maintain it stable and efficient. Biodiversity in an agricultural system includes tillage measures, such as intercropping, rotation and multi-tillage and so on; index for agricultural landscape diversity and fragmentation; and quality of wildlife’s habitat. Attention has also been focused on sustainable agriculture development in China. Traditional agriculture cann’t meet the demand for food with the growing population and current agricultural production has been creating environmental problems and risks development of future agricultural production. 21~(st) century finds four challenges for agriculture development in China. They are: pressure from big population; negative effects of global change, such as frequeny occurrence of hot currents and shortage of water for irrigation; soil desertification and degradatin; losw and maladjustment of biodiversity. Four aspects are believed to be indicators for the sustainability of future agriculture: improved quantity and quality of agricultural products; prevention of soil desertilication and degradation; high efficiency use of water and conservation and restoration of biodiversity. Outlines of sustainable agriculture development for 21~(st) century have also been discussed in the paper at different scales.
中文关键词	可持续农业 ; 环境退化 ; 指示因子 ; 土壤质量 ; 生物多样性 ; 水分质量
英文关键词	sustainable agriculture environmental degradation indicator soil quality water quality biodiversity
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	AGRICULTURE MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Agriculture
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1045211
来源机构	中国科学院植物研究所
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203382
作者单位	中国科学院植物研究所, 植被数量生态开放室, 北京 100093, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	孔正红,张新时,周广胜. 可持续农业及其指示因子研究进展[J]. 中国科学院植物研究所,2002,22(4):577-585.
APA	孔正红,张新时,&周广胜.(2002).可持续农业及其指示因子研究进展.生态学报,22(4),577-585.
MLA	孔正红,et al."可持续农业及其指示因子研究进展".生态学报 22.4(2002):577-585.