干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传结构的影响

Arid

	环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传结构的影响
其他题名	Effects of Environmental Factors on The Population Genetic Structure in Alectoris magna
	卫明; 侯鹏; 黄族豪; 刘逎发
来源期刊	生态学报
ISSN	1000-0933
出版年	2002
卷号	22 期号:4 页码:528-534
中文摘要	大石鸡是我国特有种，仅分布于青海东部，甘肃中部，宁夏六盘山以西，是我国北方干旱和半干旱荒漠环境指示鸟类。研究其遗传多样性与环境变化的关系，不仅是生态遗传学的前沿领域，而且在进化生物学和保护生物学领域都有重要的理论意义。采用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）和直接测序的方法，测定了甘肃境内由北向南的5个大石鸡（Alectoris magna）种群（兰州、榆中、定西、武山和礼县）的线粒体DNA（mtDNA）控制区（D-loop）457～458个碱基长度的基因序列。结果表明兰州、榆中、定西、武山和礼县种群的平均碱基含量中A（F = 0.30 < f_(0.01)(4.32) = 2.67）、G（F = 0.77 < P_(0.05) (4.32) = 2.67）差异不显著，但C（F = 7.17 >F_(0.01)(4.32) = 3.97）、T(F = 6.44 > F_(0.01)(4.32) = 3.97)差异极显著。5个种群的基因变异率分别为0.32 0.27%、0.48 0.45%、0.62 0.43%、0.44 0.24%、0.17 0.14%，种群内的平均基因变异率为0.41 0.17%，种群间的平均基因变异率为0.46 0.10%，种群内和种群间的平均基因变异率差异不明显（F = -2.59 < F_(0.05)(1.740) = 3.86）。大石鸡种群的平均基因变异率与年平均气温（r = -0.8118, P> 0.05）和无需期（r = -0.8103, P>0.05）呈负相关，开始随年降量的增加而增加，当降水量超过510 mm后种群遗传多样性陡然下降。温度和降水量是影响大石鸡遗传结构的主导因子，这与大石鸡起源于干旱低温环境有关。
英文摘要	Alectoris magna is an endmic species in China, which is only found in Qinghai, central Gansu and western Ningxia Huizu Autonomous regions. It was an indicative bird of arid and semi-arid environment in northern China Huizu Autonomous region. It was an indicative bird of arid and semi-arid environment in northern China. It is not only important to research relation between the genetic diversity of A, magna populations and environmental change in ecogenetics, but has important meaning in evolution and conservation biology. We collected 39 A. magna from Lanzhou, Youzhong, Dingxi, Wushan and Lixian and 5A. chukar from Huanxian in Gansu Province and Zhongwei in Ningxia Huizu Autonomous region. Liver tissue samples were collected and preserved in absolute alcohol. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct nucleotide sequencing to analyze the 456-457bp mtDNA control region gene (D-loop) of all samples. The results found that there were not significant differences in A（F = 0.30 < f_(0.01)(4.32) = 2.67）, G（F = 0.77 < P_(0.05) (4.32) = 2.67）of average base content in the five populations (Lanzhou, Yuzhong, Dingxi, Wushan and Lixian), but significant differences in C（F = 7.17 >F_(0.01)(4.32) = 3.97）, T(F = 6.44 > F_(0.01)(4.32) = 3.97). The average percent of sequences differences of A. magna populations from Lanzhou, Yuzhong, Dingxi, Wushan and Lixian was respectively 0.32 0.27%, 0.48 0.45%, 0.62 0.43%, 0.44 0.24% and 0.17 0.14%. Average percent of sequences differences of intrapopulation was 0.41 0.17%. There was significant difference between average percent of sequences differences of Lixian population and that of other populations, so was between Lanzhou population and Dingxi population. Average percent of sequences differences of interpopulation was 0.46 0.10%. The degree of genetic difference was similar between intrapopulation and interpopulation （F = -2.59 < F_(0.05)(1.740) = 3.86）We found that average percent of sequences differences were negative correlation with annual average temperature （r = -0.8118, P> 0.05）and frostless period （r = -0.8103, P>0.05）. Average percent of sequences differences increased with annual increasing of precipitation. It decreased when precipitation was over 510mm. The results showed A. magna was a species that adapted to arid and semi-arid environment which was relation to origin of A. magna. Average percent of sequences differences was 5.25% 0.20% between A. magna and A, chukar, which showed that the divergence of between A. magna and A. chukar was about 2.5 Myr according to the evolutionary rate of mtDNA (D-LOOP) sequence of birds. So A. magna should be an independent species. A. magna originated from the Chaidamu Basin in Qinghai. There were following reasons: (1) Body of A. magna was larger than the other species in Alectoris except Alectaris melanocephala. A. magna should belong to northern or Qingzang species according to Bergmans rule; (2) A. magna exists only in Qinghai, central Gansu Province and western Ningxia Huizu Autonomotis region not, which might be their origin region; (3) Body of A. magna shows sand-brown and has two necklaces (inside is black, outside is reddish-brown). So A. magna should originate from arid region according to Gloger’s rule. The Chaidamu Basin gradually became dry during the late Pliocene, while the mountains around the basin were covered by ice during glacial epoch. The Basin itself was not glaciated because of its lower altitude and precipitation. It is probable that the ancestors of A. magna populations were isolated by glaciers in the basin. The ancestors of A. magna could have evolved independently in the Chaidamu Basin after the last glaciation.
中文关键词	大石鸡 ; 线粒体DNA ; 环境因子 ; 平均基因变异率
英文关键词	Alectrois magna mitochondrial DNA environmental factor average percent of sequences differences
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	ECOLOGY
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:1045182
来源机构	兰州大学
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203381
作者单位	兰州大学生命科学学院, 兰州, 甘肃 730000, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	卫明,侯鹏,黄族豪,等. 环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传结构的影响[J]. 兰州大学,2002,22(4):528-534.
APA	卫明,侯鹏,黄族豪,&刘逎发.(2002).环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传结构的影响.生态学报,22(4),528-534.
MLA	卫明,et al."环境因子对大石鸡种群遗传结构的影响".生态学报 22.4(2002):528-534.