干旱区生态环境知识资源中心(Arid): 5500 a BP气候事件在三大文明古国古文明和古文化演化中的作用

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	5500 a BP气候事件在三大文明古国古文明和古文化演化中的作用
其他题名	5 500 A BP climatic event and its implications for the emergence of civilizations in Ggypt and Mesopotamia and neolithic cultural development in China
	吴文祥 1; 刘东生 2
来源期刊	地学前缘
ISSN	1005-2321
出版年	2002
卷号	9 期号:1 页码:155-162
中文摘要	5 500 a BP气候事件是世界上许多地区全新世气候演化史上的一重要转折点，它促进了两河流域美索不达米亚古代文明和尼罗河流域埃及古代文明社会的诞生，对中国地区新石器文化的发展也产生了重要的影响。未能形成地理限制可能是中国地区未能像两河流域和尼罗河流域一样在5 500 a BP前后形成文明社会的重要原因之一。
英文摘要	Why the emergence of Chinese ancient civilization was later than that of Egypt and Mesopotamian has been wondered by many researchers who were interested in studying the history of human societal development for many years. Although the emergence of a complex society has its own developmental trajectory, the role of geographical environment and climatic change should not be ignored. In this paper, the climatic changes at about 5 500 a BP were analyzed to explain the archaeological changes in China, and the Carencro’s geographical circumscription was introduced to address the time lag of civilization emergence between China and Egypt and Mesopotamian. According to Carneiro’s theory, two conditions, i.e. population pressure and environmental circumscription in concern with warfare, are essential to the formation of complex societies. Recent advances in Holocene climatic research made it clear that 5 500 a BP climatic event was one of the most influential climate changes during Holocene, resulting in "Sahara Aridity" or "Climatic Crisis" in Africa and also a great drought interval in Mesopotamian. Further studies suggest that this serious drought spell promoted great immigrations of people to the Nile valley in Egypt, and Tigris and Euphrates areas in Mesopotamian, resulting in population pressure. At the same time, circumscription could easily be formed in Nile River Valley and Mesopotamian due to their unique geographies which surrounded either by desert, mountains, or (and) by seas. So the 5 500 a BP climatic event, which resulted in population pressure in a circumscribed land, may have facilitated the emergence of civilizations. While in China, the 5 500 a BP climatic event was also well manifested by many climatic records. At about the same time the archaeological cultures began to change profoundly. For example, the Yangshao Culture was replaced by Longshan Culture, walled-towns was first built, centeredsites with high standard and large areas such as Dadiwan Site, Niuheliang and Dongshanzui sites, Shijiahe site which have special functions appeared, burying weapons in grave with high-status become fashionable suggesting war was more popular than ever, all this cultural phenomena indicate that society began to brew changes and became more complex. The mechanism for cultural transition is very complex. Since the productivity during this period was not changed so much, the author suggested that the appearance of more complex culture was mainly related to climatic changes in the same period. Further study indicated that the 5 500 a BP climatic event resulted in mass migrations and decrease in productivity, thus intensifying conflicts between different groups. The emergence of more complex culture could be a reflection of adaptation to the 5 500 a BP climatic change. Although 5 500 a BP climatic event have made great impacts on the development of Neolithic culture, the Chinese ancient civilization did not occur until at around 4 000 a BP This time lag could be considered in terms of circumscription theory. Unlike in Egypt and in Mesopotamian, the geographical circumscription of China did not develop because China has no geophysical barrier so the population pressure could not be easily formed. So it could be suggested that not having formed environmental circumscription may be one of the significant reasons to account for Chinese ancient civilization not occurred in the same period like those in Egypt and Mesopotamian.
中文关键词	5 500 a BP气候事件 ; 古代文明 ; 古文化
英文关键词	5 500 a BP event ancient civilization Neolithic culture
语种	中文
国家	中国
收录类别	CSCD
WOS类目	GEOSCIENCES MULTIDISCIPLINARY
WOS研究方向	Geology
CSCD记录号	CSCD:972871
资源类型	期刊论文
条目标识符	http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/203109
作者单位	1.北京大学城市与环境学系, 北京 100871, 中国; 2.中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所, 北京 100029, 中国
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	吴文祥,刘东生. 5500 a BP气候事件在三大文明古国古文明和古文化演化中的作用[J],2002,9(1):155-162.
APA	吴文祥,&刘东生.(2002).5500 a BP气候事件在三大文明古国古文明和古文化演化中的作用.地学前缘,9(1),155-162.
MLA	吴文祥,et al."5500 a BP气候事件在三大文明古国古文明和古文化演化中的作用".地学前缘 9.1(2002):155-162.