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This study evaluates the species richness of vascular plants in the municipality of Guadalcazar, San Luis Potosi, an area located in the Central Mexican Plateau physiographic province, where a significant portion of their surface has been declared as a natural protected area. A total of 813 vascular plant species were registered in 5 vegetation types: submontane scrub, xerophytic scrub, oak forest, pine forest and grassland, with thesubmontane scrub being the vegetation type holding the highest floristic richness, predominantly Asteraceae. An analysis of the species distributionpattern revealed that 299 of them (36.8%) are Mexican endemics, most of them belonging to the Cactaceae. Considering the conservation statusof the species, 123 (15.1%) are threatened, most of them also Cactaceae. A group of 160 of the total species (19.7%) had a record of some use inthe study area. (C) 2017 Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia.