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A new species, Gammarus seideli n. sp., of a distinctly ornamented amphipod belonging to the family Gammaridae (Leach, 1813), is described from specimens collected from a spring in the northern Chihuahuan Desert, western Texas, USA. The new species belongs to the "Gammarus-pecos complex" of the northern Chihuahuan Desert, bringing the number of described species in the complex to four. Its range is currently restricted to a single spring. This small range puts the new species at a risk of extinction, making its description essential for conservation and for understanding the large degree of endemism among freshwater invertebrates in aridland springs. Also provided is a revised key to the fifteen described freshwater species of Gammarus Fabricius, 1775 of North America.