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A gamma- and UV radiation-tolerant, Gram-negative, short-rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated X-121(T), was isolated from soil samples collected from the Taklimakan desert in Xinjiang, China. Strain X-121(T) showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Deinococcus depolymerans TDMA-24(T) (94.7 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain X-121(T) is a member of a novel species belonging to the clade formed by members of the genus Deinococcus in the family Deinococcaceae. The DNA G+C content of strain X-121(T) was 63.6 mol%. The chemotaxonomic charateristics of strain X-121(T) were typical of members of the genus Deinococcus, with MK-8 being the predominant respiratory quinone, summed feature 3 (16 : 1 omega 7c, 16 : 1 omega 6c), 16 : 0 and 17 : 1 omega 8c as major cellular fatty acid, several unidentified phosphoglycolipids and glycolipids as the dominant polar lipids, galactose as the predominant cell-wall sugar and the presence of peptidoglycan with L-ornithine. Strain X-121(T) is therefore identified as representing a novel species, for which the name Deinococcus taklimakanensis sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain X-121(T) (= CCTCC AB 207228(T) = KCTC 33842(T)).