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A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, short rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium (THG-S3(T)), was isolated from desert soil. Growth occurred at 15-35 degrees C (optimum 28 degrees C), at pH 5-10 (optimum 7) and at 0-4% NaCl (optimum 1 %). Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of strain THG-S3(T) were identified as Altererythrobacter rigui KCTC 42620(T) (99.0 %), Altererythrobacter dongtanensis KCTC 22672(T) (97.1 %), Altererythrobacter xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207166(T) (96.9 %), Altererythrobacter troitsensis KCTC 12303(T) (96.9 %). Levels of relatedness among strain THG-S3(T) and other Altererythrobacter species were lower than 96.0 %. DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain THG-S3(T) and A. rigui KCTC 42620(T), A. dongtanensis KCTC 22672(T), A. xinjiangensis CCTCC AB 207166(T) and A. troitsensis KCTC 12303(T) were 59.7% (42.8 %, reciprocal analysis), 45.1% (36.3 %), 34.7% (25.1 %) and 15.1% (12.3 %), respectively. The DNA G+C content of strain THG-S3(T) was 69 mol%. The polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and three unidentified lipids The quinone was ubiquinone-10. The major fatty acids were C-16 : 0, C-17 : 1 omega 6c, C-18 : 1 omega 7c and summed feature 3 (C-16 : 1 omega 7c and/or C-16 : 1 omega 6c). On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic data, physiological characteristics and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain THG-S3(T) represents a novel species of the genus Altererythrobacter, for which the name Altererythrobacter deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is THG-S3(T) (=KACC 19190(T) = CGMCC 1.15959(T)).