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A Gram-stain-negative, non-motile, aerobic, non-spore-forming, spherical bacterium (strain MIMtkB18(T)) was isolated from desert soil collected from part of a Mongolian Plateau, territory of Inner Mongolia, PR China. Cell growth could be observed at 20-45 degrees C (optimum at 40 degrees C), at a pH of 6-9 (optimum at pH 8.6) and in the presence of 0-1% (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). The genomic DNA G+ C content was 69.6 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MIMtkB18(T) was most closely related to Methylobrevis pamukkalensis PK2(T) (94.1 %), species of the genus Pleomorphomonas (93.4-94.0 %), and Hartmannibacter diazotrophicus E19(T) (93.9 %). The sole respiratory quinone was Q-10. The major fatty acids (> 5 %) were C-18 : 0 (5.7 %) and summed feature 8 (C-18 : 1 omega 7c and/or C-18 : 1 omega 6c) (81.6 %). Polar lipids were mainly composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipids. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is concluded that strain MIMtkB18(T) represents a novel genus and species, for which the name Mongoliimonas terrestris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MIMtkB18(T) (= KCTC 42635(T) = MCCC 1K00571(T)).