Arid
DOI10.1111/1462-2920.13597
Aspergillus penicillioides differentiation and cell division at 0.585 water activity
Stevenson, Andrew1; Hamill, Philip G.1; O’Kane, Callum J.1; Kminek, Gerhard2; Rummel, John D.3; Voytek, Mary A.4; Dijksterhuis, Jan5; Hallsworth, John E.1
通讯作者Hallsworth, John E.
来源期刊ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
ISSN1462-2912
EISSN1462-2920
出版年2017
卷号19期号:2页码:687-697
英文摘要

Water availability acts as the most stringent constraint for life on Earth. Thus, understanding the water relations of microbial extremophiles is imperative to our ability to increase agricultural productivity (e.g., by enhancing the processing and turnover of dead organic matter in soils of arid regions), reduce human exposure to mycotoxins in buildings and our food-supply chain, prevent the spoilage of foods/animal feeds, books, museum specimens and artworks and better control microbiology of industrial fermentations. Only a small number of microbial systems can retain activity at <0.710 water activity (ISME J 2015 9: 1333-1351). It has long-been considered that the most resilient of these is Xeromyces bisporus, which inhabits sugar-rich substrates (Appl Environ Microbiol 1968 16: 1853-1858). The current study focused on germination of Aspergillus penicillioides, a xerophile which is also able to grow under low humidity and saline conditions. Investigations of germination differed from those reported earlier: firstly, aerially borne conidia were harvested, and then used for inoculations, in their dry condition; secondly, cultures were incubated at 24 degrees C, i.e. below optimum germination temperature, to minimize the possibility of water loss from the substrate; thirdly, cultures remained sealed throughout the 73-day study period (microscopic examination was carried out directly 48 through the Petri plate lid); fourthly, the germination parameters determined were: rates and extent of conidial swelling, production of differentiated germination-structures and septate germlings, and subsequent development of mycelium and/or sporulation; fifthly, assessments were carried out over a range of water-activity values and time points to obtain a complete profile of the germination process. Conidia swelled, formed differentiated germination-structures and then produced septate germlings at a water-activity of just 0.585 (58.5% relative humidity), outside the currently understood thermodynamic window for life. Furthermore, analyses of these data suggest a theoretical water-activity minimum of 0.565 for germination of A. penicilliodes. In relation to astrobiology, these findings have an application in understanding the limits to life in extraterrestrial environments. In light of current plans for exploration missions to Mars and other places, and the need to safeguard martian scientific sites and potential resources (including water) for future human habitation, a knowledge-based and effective policy for planetary protection is essential. As it is, Mars-bound spacecraft may frequently be contaminated with aspergilli (including A. penicillioides) and other organisms which, when transported to other planetary bodies, pose a contamination risk. In crafting countermeasures to offset this, it is important to know as precisely as possible the capabilities of these potential interplanetary visitors.


类型Article
语种英语
国家North Ireland ; Netherlands ; USA
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000394973000026
WOS关键词TREHALOSE-BASED OLIGOSACCHARIDES ; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE ; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITIONS ; CONIDIAL GERMINATION ; COMPATIBLE SOLUTES ; DORMANT CONIDIA ; GLYCEROL UPTAKE ; FUNGI ; STRESS ; LIFE
WOS类目Microbiology
WOS研究方向Microbiology
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/198712
作者单位1.Queens Univ Belfast, MBC, Sch Biol Sci, Institute Global Food Secur, Belfast BT9 7BL, Antrim, North Ireland;
2.European Space Agcy, Independent Safety Off, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands;
3.SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA;
4.NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC 20546 USA;
5.CBS, KNAW Fungal Biodivers Ctr, Uppsalalaan 8, NL-3584 CT Utrecht, CT, Netherlands
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Stevenson, Andrew,Hamill, Philip G.,O’Kane, Callum J.,et al. Aspergillus penicillioides differentiation and cell division at 0.585 water activity[J],2017,19(2):687-697.
APA Stevenson, Andrew.,Hamill, Philip G..,O’Kane, Callum J..,Kminek, Gerhard.,Rummel, John D..,...&Hallsworth, John E..(2017).Aspergillus penicillioides differentiation and cell division at 0.585 water activity.ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY,19(2),687-697.
MLA Stevenson, Andrew,et al."Aspergillus penicillioides differentiation and cell division at 0.585 water activity".ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY 19.2(2017):687-697.
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