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Livestock is a crucial component in the oasis agricultural systems. Given its complementary incomes, the manure for soil fertilization and its draft power, livestock contributes to food security and ensures resilience of these systems. However, oases have recently witnessed significant changes, due to a growing pressure on soil and water resources induced by a rapid demographic expansion. The present study therefore aims at characterizing the different kinds of livestock production systems adopted in the oases, through the establishment of a typology of farms, based on herds’ structural parameters as well as their performances. This was achieved in the Draa River Valley (Center-East of Morocco), where one hundred farms were surveyed. Multivariate statistical analyses have allowed identifying four different types of livestock systems, with regard to herd composition, feed resources used, as well as animal products’ outputs. These systems were defined as follows: multispecific livestock rearing, cattle based livestock activities, sheep intensification and rangeland systems. These four distinct types have been further characterized by an additional analysis of representative individuals. Results reveal the diversity of the options adopted by farmers to ensure the viability of their activities, given the assets they manage, in order to address the constraints of the harsh environment. Limited performances imply that possible interventions may be adapted to each type of livestock system. This would allow better assessing the public policies that have been implemented, targeting the efforts of the agricultural development agencies in the area, and orienting public support policies towards the alleviation of the most prominent constraints.