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In order to evaluate the effects of tillage and wheat residue management on nitrogen uptake and distribution, nitrogen uptake efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency and nitrogen harvest index in wheat, a two-year field experiment was implemented as a split block experiment in a randomized complete block design with twenty treatments and three replicates at experimental site of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Iran in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Four different tillage practices namely, conventional tillage applied by mouldboard plough + disk, reduced tillage practices applied by sweep plough + disk arid chisel plough + disk and conserved tillage applied by disk as vertical factor and five different crop residue applications (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% wheat residue) as horizontal factor. According to the results, the lowest (2.58 %) and highest (2.77%) grain nitrogen percentage were observed when disk and chisel plough + disk were used, respectively. Employing chisel plough + disk led to the maximum nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency. Grain nitrogen percentage, nitrogen uptake efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency significantly increased with increasing wheat residue level. For instance, when wheat residue was applied at 75% ratio, nitrogen uptake efficiency increased by 61.2% compared with control treatment. According to the results it appears that application of wheat residue along with reduced tillage could improve nitrogen utilization efficiency, especially in arid and semi-arid regions.