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The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain SG1(T), isolated from a Saharan soil sample collected from Beni-Abbes, Bechar (south-west Algeria), was established by using a polyphasic approach. The micro-organism had morphological and chemical features that were consistent with its classification in the genus Streptosporangium. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The whole-cell sugars contained ribose and glucose, but not madurose. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H-2) and MK-9(H4). The polar lipid profile contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxymethylethanolamine, phosphatidylhydroxyethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C-17:1 omega 8c, iSO-C-16:0, 10-methyl C-17:0, C-18 :1 omega 9c and C-17:0. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analysis supported the classification of the isolate in the genus Streptosporangium and indicated that it was related most closely to ’streptosporangium subfuscum’ DSM 46724 (99.7% similarity), Streptosporangium pseudovulgare DSM 43181(T) (98.7 %), Streptosporangium fragile DSM 43847(T) (98.6%) and Streptosporangium sandarakinum DSM 45763(T) (98.5%). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SG1T formed a cluster with its closest relative ’s. subfuscum’ DSM 46724. However, DNA-DNA relatedness as well as physiological and chemotaxonomical analyses showed that strain SG1(T) could be differentiated from its closest phylogenetic relatives. Therefore, it is proposed that strain SG1(T) should be classified as representing a novel species in the genus Streptosporangium, for which the name Streptosporangium becharense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG1(T) (=DSM 46887(T)=CECT 8961(T)).