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A Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative bacterium, designated YIM CS25(T), was isolated from a soil sample collected from Turpan desert in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, north-western China. The isolate grew at 15-40 degrees C, at pH 6.0-8.0 and with 0-6% (w/v) NaCl. The phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain YIM CS25(T) belonged to the genus Arthrobacter and was closely related to Arthrobacter halodurans JSM 078085(T) (95.89% similarity). The peptidoglycan type contained lysine, alanine and glutamic acid. The major whole-cell sugars were galactose, glucose and ribose. The isolate contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol as the major polar lipids and MK-9 (H-2) as the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C-15 : 0, iso-C-15 : 0, anteiso-C-17 : 0, iso-C-16 : 0 and anteiso-C-17 : 1 omega 9c. The genomic DNA G+C content was 68.3 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analysis, strain YIM CS25(T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter deserti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM CS25(T) (=KCTC 39544(T) =CGMCC 1.15091(T)).