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The taxonomic position of a novel actinobacterium, strain 169(T), isolated from a sample of Algerian Saharan soil, was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The aerial mycelium produced non-motile, round-to oval-shaped spores, with a smooth surface, which were sessile or carried by short sporophores. Chemotaxonomically, isolate 169(T) showed the same results as members of the genus Streptosporangium, but madurose, the so far diagnostic sugar of the genus, was not detected in the whole-cell hydrolysate. Despite the absence of sporangia, the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed that strain 169(T) was a member of the genus Streptosporangium. Strain 169(T) was most closely related to Streptosporangium jomthongense NBRC 110047(T) (99.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), which is the only non-sporangia-forming species reported among the genus. However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies with this species showed 60 % relatedness. Based upon genotypic and phenotypic data, a novel species, Streptosporangium algeriense sp. nov., is proposed, with 169(T) (=DSM 45455(T)=MTCC 11561(T)=CCUG 62974(T)) as the type strain.