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A Gram-stain-positive, rod-shaped, endospore-forming, aerobic bacterium designated, FJAT-4402(T), was isolated from the weed rhizosphere soil of the Gobi desert in the Xinjiang Autonomous Region in the north-west of China. Isolate FJAT-4402(T) grew at 15-40 degrees C (optimum 30 degrees C), pH 5-10 (optimum pH 7) and in 0-3 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum 0 %). Phylogenetic analyses, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences, showed that isolate FJAT-4402(T) was a member of the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus licheniformis DSM 13(T) (96.2 %). The isolate showed 33.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness to the closest reference isolate, B. licheniformis DSM 13(T). The diagnostic diamino acid of the peptidoglycan of isolate FJAT-4402(T) was meso-diaminopimelic acid and the predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C-15 : 0 (28.5 %), iso-C-15 : 0 (20.1 %), anteiso-C-17 : 0 (14.3 %), iso-C-16 : 0 (9.6 %), C-16 : 0 (8.4 %), iso-C-17 : 0 (6.2 %) and iso-C-14 : 0 (4.7 %) and the DNA G+C content was 42.0 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic properties indicated that strain FJAT-4402(T) represents a novel species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus gobiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FJAT-4402(T) (=DSM 29500(T)=CGMCC 1.12902(T)).