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High resolution mass spectrometry is an outstanding technique to characterize organic compounds in biological samples and UHPLC-Orbitrap mass spectrometry is an innovative state of the art accurate mass (HR/AM) technology that allows fast and accurate metabolite fingerprinting. In this study, thirty seven compounds including several methoxylated flavonoids and furanyl-clerodane dierpenoids were rapidly accurately identified for the first time in the resin of Baccharis tola subsp. tola Phil., an endemic species growing in the Atacama Desert, by means of UHPLC diode array detector quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-HESI-Q-OT-MSn). The phenolic-enriched fraction of the resin showed also significant antioxidant capacities (9.24 +/- 0.23 mu g/mL, 53.3 +/- 3.15 mu M trolox equivalents/g dry weights and 60.94 +/- 4.95% in the DPPH scavenging assay, the ferric reducing power assay and superoxide anion scavenging assay, respectively). The resin of this American plant holds interest for the development of medicines, nutraceuticals, cosmetics or commercial dietary supplements. However, more research is needed to support its use in human health. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.