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Tropical rainforests have a high diversity of foliicolous lichens, especially in Central and South America, which contain the highest diversity worldwide. However, up to now, few studies have been undertaken on the diversity of foliicolous lichens in the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, and no study has considered the Brejos de Altitude, which are enclaves of the Atlantic Forest in the Caatinga, the semi-arid region in northeastern Brazil. This study aimed to record the foliicolous lichens occurring in five Brejos de Altitude of four states in Brazil: Bahia, Sergipe, Paraiba and Pernambuco. In all, 147 species were recorded; of these, 26 species are new records for the country’s Northeast Region and eleven species are new records for Brazil.