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Background: To cultivate the button mushroom Agaricus bisporus in warm countries or during summer in temperate countries, while saving energy, is a challenge that could be addressed by using the biological diversity of the species.

Aims: The objective was to evaluate the yield potential of eight wild strains previously selected in small scale experiments for their ability to produce mature fruiting bodies at 25 degrees C and above.

Methods: Culture units of 8 kg of compost were used. The yield expressed as weight or number per surface unit and earliness of fruiting were recorded during cultivation in climatic rooms at 17,25 or 30 degrees C.

Results: Only strains of A. bisporus var. burnettii were able to fruit at 30 degrees C. At 25 degrees C they produced the highest yields (27 kg m(-2)) and had best earliness. The yields at 25 degrees C for the strains of A. bisporus var. bisporus ranged from 12 to 16 kg m(-2). The yield ratios 25 degrees C/17 degrees C ranged from 0.8 to 1.2.

Conclusions: The variety burnettii originated in the Sonoran Desert in California showed adaptation for quickly producing fruiting bodies at high temperature when humidity conditions were favorable. Strains of the variety bisporus showed interesting potentials for their ability to produce mature fruiting bodies at higher temperature than present cultivars and might be used in breeding programs. (C) 2012 Revista Iberoamericana de Micologia. Published by Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. All rights reserved.