Arid
DOI10.1111/jbi.12480
Fighting their last stand? A global analysis of the distribution and conservation status of gymnosperms
Fragniere, Yann1; Betrisey, Sebastien2,3,4; Cardinaux, Leonard1; Stoffel, Markus5,6; Kozlowski, Gregor1,2,3
通讯作者Kozlowski, Gregor
来源期刊JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY
ISSN0305-0270
EISSN1365-2699
出版年2015
卷号42期号:5页码:809-820
英文摘要

AimGymnosperms are often described as a marginal and threatened group, members of which tend to be out-competed by angiosperms and which therefore preferentially persist at higher latitudes and elevations. The aim of our synthesis was to test these statements by investigating the global latitudinal and elevational distribution of gymnosperms, as well as their conservation status, using all extant gymnosperm groups (cycads, gnetophytes, ginkgophytes and conifers).


LocationWorldwide.


MethodsWe developed a database of 1014 species of gymnosperms containing latitudinal and elevational distribution data, as well as their global conservation status, as described in the literature. The 1014 species comprised 305 cycads, 101 gnetophytes, the only living representative of ginkgophytes, and 607 conifers. Generalized additive models, frequency histograms, kernel density estimations and distribution maps based on Takhtajan’s floristic regions were used.


ResultsAlthough the diversity of gymnosperms decreases at equatorial latitudes, approximately 50% of the extant species occur primarily between the tropics. More than 43% of gymnosperms can occur at very low elevations (200m a.s.l.). Gymnosperms, considering all species together as well as their main taxonomic groups separately, do not exhibit a latitudinal diversity gradient as commonly observed for many other taxa. Gymnosperms, and especially conifers, are on average less threatened at higher and equatorial latitudes.


Main conclusionsGymnosperms display an unusual latitudinal diversity gradient, which we suggest cannot fully be accounted for by angiosperm dominance and competitive superiority. We hypothesize that other factors explain their present distribution, such as the development of centres of endemism in several regions and the adaptation of certain taxa to cold and arid climates.


英文关键词Angiosperm domination conifers cycads Ginkgo global diversity patterns elevational distribution gnetophytes latitudinal distribution latitudinal diversity gradient
类型Review
语种英语
国家Switzerland
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000352793700001
WOS关键词LATITUDINAL DIVERSITY GRADIENT ; WELWITSCHIA-MIRABILIS ; EVOLUTIONARY DYNAMICS ; ANGIOSPERM DOMINANCE ; EXTANT GYMNOSPERMS ; SPECIES-DIVERSITY ; PLANT DIVERSITY ; PATTERNS ; CONIFER ; BIOGEOGRAPHY
WOS类目Ecology ; Geography, Physical
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology ; Physical Geography
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/188440
作者单位1.Nat Hist Museum, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
2.Univ Fribourg, Dept Biol, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
3.Univ Fribourg, Bot Garden, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
4.Univ Fribourg, Dept Geosci, Conservat Biogeog, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland;
5.Univ Bern, Inst Geol Sci, Dendrolab Ch, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland;
6.Univ Geneva, Inst Environm Sci Climat Change & Climate Impacts, CH-1227 Carouge, Switzerland
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Fragniere, Yann,Betrisey, Sebastien,Cardinaux, Leonard,et al. Fighting their last stand? A global analysis of the distribution and conservation status of gymnosperms[J],2015,42(5):809-820.
APA Fragniere, Yann,Betrisey, Sebastien,Cardinaux, Leonard,Stoffel, Markus,&Kozlowski, Gregor.(2015).Fighting their last stand? A global analysis of the distribution and conservation status of gymnosperms.JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY,42(5),809-820.
MLA Fragniere, Yann,et al."Fighting their last stand? A global analysis of the distribution and conservation status of gymnosperms".JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY 42.5(2015):809-820.
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