Arid
DOI10.1007/s12303-014-0016-8
A combined hydrochemical-statistical analysis of Saq aquifer, northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Nazzal, Yousef1; Ahmed, Izrar2; Al-Arifi, Nassir S. N.1; Ghrefat, Habes1; Batayneh, Awni1; Abuamarah, Bassam A.1; Zaidi, Faisal K.1
通讯作者Nazzal, Yousef
来源期刊GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL
ISSN1226-4806
EISSN1598-7477
出版年2015
卷号19期号:1页码:145-155
英文摘要

The present study includes detailed hydrochemical assessment of groundwater resources of Saq aquifer. The Saq aquifer covers a large area (about 375,000 km(2)) and lies in the arid region with low annual rainfall and extremely high evaporation. In the study area, groundwater serves as the major source for agricultural activity and for domestic usages. A total of 295 groundwater samples collected and were analyzed for physico-chemical parameters such as hydrogen ion concentration (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS) and electrical conductivity (EC), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), magnesium (Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+), bicarbonate (HCO3) chloride (Cl-), sulfate (SO4 (2-)) and nitrate (NO3). The goal and challenge for the statistical overview was to delineate chemical distributions in a complex, heterogeneous set of data spanning over a large geographic range. After de-clustering to create a uniform spatial sample distribution with 295 samples, histograms and quantile-quantile (Q-Q) plots were employed to delineate subpopulations that have coherent chemical affinities. The elements showing significantly higher positive correlation are: TDS with EC; Ca with EC, TDS; Mg and EC, TDS, Ca, K; Cl and EC, TDS, Mg, Na, Ca; SO4 and EC, TDS, Ca, Cl, Na, Mg. The distribution of major ions in the groundwater is Na+ > Ca++ > Mg++ > K+ and Cl- > SO4 (-2)> HCO3 (-)> NO3 (-). Ionic abundance plot of alkalis with Ca and Mg is suggestive of mix type trends of concentrations as evident by moderate correlation (r = 0.57). About 60% of the total samples have alkalis abundance and rests have more Ca + Mg concentrations than alkalis. Taking both results of cluster tree and geochemical features of variables into consideration, the authors classify the elements into two major groups, the first includes TDS, Na, EC, Cl, Ca, SO4, and Mg, where the relationship within the group are strong. The second group includes K, HCO3, pH, and NO3. This group has close relationship with group 1 demonstrate that, the increase in the concentration to some elements could be the same. Some of the analyzed parameters approach a normal distribution, as both their skewnesses and kurtoses reach close to "0". The study revealed that, all of the element pairs exhibit positive relations.


英文关键词hydrochemistry statistical analysis histograms normal quantile plots Saq aquifer Saudi Arabia
类型Article
语种英语
国家Saudi Arabia
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000350295700012
WOS关键词GROUNDWATER
WOS类目Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
WOS研究方向Geology
来源机构King Saud University
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/187556
作者单位1.King Saud Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
2.King Saud Univ, Coll Engn, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Nazzal, Yousef,Ahmed, Izrar,Al-Arifi, Nassir S. N.,et al. A combined hydrochemical-statistical analysis of Saq aquifer, northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia[J]. King Saud University,2015,19(1):145-155.
APA Nazzal, Yousef.,Ahmed, Izrar.,Al-Arifi, Nassir S. N..,Ghrefat, Habes.,Batayneh, Awni.,...&Zaidi, Faisal K..(2015).A combined hydrochemical-statistical analysis of Saq aquifer, northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL,19(1),145-155.
MLA Nazzal, Yousef,et al."A combined hydrochemical-statistical analysis of Saq aquifer, northwestern part of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia".GEOSCIENCES JOURNAL 19.1(2015):145-155.
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