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The structure, dominant groups, and the features of invertebrates’ spacetime distribution have been defined as a result of soil and zoological studies in the cheegrass (Achnatherum splendens (Trin.) Nevski) steppe on solonetzic soils in Transbaikalia. Poor taxonomic diversity and small number and biomass of invertebrates are the peculiarities of the zoological complex. Factors that limit the activity of invertebrates are detected: poor botanical composition, adverse conditions of heat and moisture exchange in the soil, and its physical and chemical properties and salinity. A study of the spatial distribution of invertebrates show that Achnatherum is the basic edificator of the community. In Transbaikalia, two main types of invertebrate communities are formed depending on the seasonal amount of precipitation: desert-steppe and meadow-steppe. The diversity and abundance of invertebrates caught in soil traps positively correlated with precipitation and negatively with temperature. The size of the cheegrass root system has the greatest impact on the distribution of invertebrates in the soil.