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Land use greatly affects litter production, quality, and decomposition rates, and therefore alters the soil carbon stocks and influences ecosystem carbon cycling. In this study, our aims were to investigate the effects of land use (grazing, mowing, and grazing exclusion), litter types, and precipitation on litter production, decomposition processes, and soil carbon stocks. Litter inputs, quality, and decomposition rates were significantly influenced by land use and differed greatly between 2011 (a dry year) and 2012 (a moist year). Above-ground litter production in 2012 ranged from 165 to 180 g m(-2), versus from 50 to 73 g m(-2) in 2011; below-ground litter production in 2012 was 1.9 to 6.0 times that in 2011. Decomposition rates of above-ground litter (k(a)) were greater than those of below-ground litter (k(b)). The k(a) in 2012 was 1.9 to 2.8 times those in 2011 and k(b) in 2012 was 6.5 to 10.8 times those in 2011. The k(a) was strongly positively correlated with the N content (R-2 = 0.713) and strongly negatively correlated with the C/N ratio (R-2 = 0.585), whereas k(b) was explained best by the C/N ratio. Precipitation was a main factor that controlled ecosystem C cycling processes, and increased litter decomposition increased soil carbon stocks. Land use therefore played an important role in litter input and decomposition processes and in carbon sequestration, but these processes responded to the initial litter quality and precipitation. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.