Arid
DOI10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.06.006
Risk assessment of total and bioavailable potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban soils of Baghdad-Iraq
Hamad, Samera H.1; Schauer, James J.1,2,3; Shafer, Martin M.1,3; Abd Al-Rheem, Esam4; Skaar, Pamela S.3; Heo, Jongbae1; Tejedor-Tejedor, Isabel1
通讯作者Shafer, Martin M.
来源期刊SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
ISSN0048-9697
EISSN1879-1026
出版年2014
卷号494页码:39-48
英文摘要

The solubility of soil-associated potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in surrogate biological fluids provides valuable information about their potential health hazard. This work addresses the concentrations and bioaccessibility of nine PTEs (As, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, and Zn) in thirty eight agricultural land and playground soils collected from a semi-arid urban area of Baghdad-Iraq. Two surrogate biological fluids (SBFs), macrophage vacuole (MS) and gastric (GS) solutions, were used to extract the metals to simulate the biological availability of the PTEs via inhalation and ingestion exposure routes. ICP/AES was used to quantify PTEs in both strong add digests (for total concentration), and in the SBF extracts. Soil contamination factors showed that some sites exhibited elevated levels of As (36 +/- 10 mg/kg), however, these levels of As are not likely to have significant human health impacts whether the particulate arsenic is ingested or/and inhaled. Soil-geochemical variables (including: pH, EC, CO3=, soil organic carbon (SOC)) and major elements (e.g. Al, Ca, and Fe) were used to interpret the lability of PTEs in the soils. Hazardous index (HI) based non-cancer risk of inhalation and ingestion of PTEs was estimated to be 2-fold higher for that based on total element concentrations compared with that for bioavailable fractions for both children and adults. A similar conclusion was reached for the estimated cancer risk (which was lower than the threshold level of concern for children and adults). A sensitivity analysis showed that there is a 97% chance for children and 90% for adults to have hazardous indices of the total PTEs >1 (the acceptable value); the corresponding metrics for the bioavailable fraction of the elements were 39% for children, and 3% for adults; these results were sensitive to the concentrations of "airborne" soil particles. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.


英文关键词Potentially toxic elements Bioavailability Surrogate biological fluids Urban area-Baghdad/Iraq
类型Article
语种英语
国家USA ; Iraq
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000341340000005
WOS关键词HEAVY-METAL CONTAMINATION ; AGRICULTURAL SOILS ; TRACE-ELEMENTS ; LEAD BIOAVAILABILITY ; OXIDATIVE STRESS ; BIOACCESSIBILITY ; GEOCHEMISTRY ; CHROMIUM ; WASTE ; SEDIMENTS
WOS类目Environmental Sciences
WOS研究方向Environmental Sciences & Ecology
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/184885
作者单位1.Univ Wisconsin, Environm Chem & Technol Program, Madison, WI 53706 USA;
2.Univ Wisconsin, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA;
3.Wisconsin State Lab Hyg, Madison, WI 53718 USA;
4.Iraqi Minist Sci & Technol, Baghdad, Iraq
推荐引用方式
GB/T 7714
Hamad, Samera H.,Schauer, James J.,Shafer, Martin M.,et al. Risk assessment of total and bioavailable potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban soils of Baghdad-Iraq[J],2014,494:39-48.
APA Hamad, Samera H..,Schauer, James J..,Shafer, Martin M..,Abd Al-Rheem, Esam.,Skaar, Pamela S..,...&Tejedor-Tejedor, Isabel.(2014).Risk assessment of total and bioavailable potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban soils of Baghdad-Iraq.SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT,494,39-48.
MLA Hamad, Samera H.,et al."Risk assessment of total and bioavailable potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in urban soils of Baghdad-Iraq".SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 494(2014):39-48.
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