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This work describes the local knowledge of the medicinal use of Stryphnoderrdron rotundifolium Mart, Fabaceae, according to informants in two areas of the Araripe bioregion, in the Northeast Region of Brazil. We used Interviews to investigate the ethnorriedicirral use of the local, species to deterniine the mode of use frequency of administration, duration of treatment and restrictions of use. In traditional medicine, the use of S. rotundifolluin is associated with the treatment of inflammatory and infections diseases. The part of the plant most used was the stem bark (86.11%), the predominant mode of preparation was immersion in water (52.83%), and oral administration was the most cited (48.43%). For inflammatory and infections diseases, the treatment lasted 3-10 days and the frequency of administration was 2.3 times/day. For gastroprotective effects treatment lasted up to 30 days, and the herb was administered 1-3 times/day. For pain complaints the therapy varied from 2-3 days to continuous administration. The informants (46.87%) did not mention restrictions of use, except for pregnant women, with a rate of 25%. A comparison of these results with the ethnopharmacological information from other studies showed that some of the traditional. indications are scientifically supported by the literature or clinical studies. Nevertheless, the results showed that pharmacologists have not fully investigated all the possible bioactivitis that healers credit to this plant. (C) 2014 Sodiedade Brasileira de Farmacognosia. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.