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A Gram-reaction-positive bacterial isolate, designated TO 62331, with rudimentary, coral-pink vegetative mycelium that formed neither aerial mycelium nor spores, was isolated from a Brazilian soil sample. Chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Geodermatophilus. Cell-wall hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and galactose as the diagnostic sugar. The major fatty acids were iso-C-16:0, iso-C-15:0 and C-17 (:1)omega 8c and the predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H-4). The polar lipids consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, hydroxyphosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unknown glycophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 75.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with members of the genus Geodermatophilus was 94.2-98.7%. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain Tu 6233(T) is proposed to represent a novel species, Geodermatophilus brasiliensis sp. nov., with the type strain Tu 6233(T) (=DSM 44526(T)=CECT 8402(T)).