Arid
DOI10.1016/j.icarus.2013.11.031
The formation of sulfate, nitrate and perchlorate salts in the martian atmosphere
Smith, Megan L.1; Claire, Mark W.2,4; Catling, David C.1; Zahnle, Kevin J.3
通讯作者Smith, Megan L.
来源期刊ICARUS
ISSN0019-1035
EISSN1090-2643
出版年2014
卷号231页码:51-64
英文摘要

In extremely arid regions on Earth, such as the Atacama Desert, nitrate, sulfate and perchlorate salts form in the atmosphere and accumulate on the surface from dry deposition according to diagnostic evidence in their oxygen isotopes. Salts of similar oxyanions should have formed in the atmosphere of Mars because of comparable photochemical reactions. We use a 1-D photochemical model to calculate the deposition rates of sulfate, nitrogen oxyanions, and perchlorate from Mars’ atmosphere, given a plausible range of volcanic fluxes of sulfur- and chlorine-containing gases in the past. To calculate integrated fluxes over time, we assume that throughout the last 3 byr (the Amazonian eon), the typical background atmosphere would have been similar to today’s cold and dry environment. If the soil has been mixed by impact perturbations to a characteristic depth of similar to 2 m during this time, given a time-average volcanic flux 0.1% of the modern terrestrial volcanic flux, the model suggests that the soil would have accumulated 1.0-1.7 wt.% SO42- and 0.2-0.4 wt.% N in the form of pernitrate (peroxynitrate) or nitrate. The calculated sulfate concentration is consistent with in situ observations of soils from rovers and landers and orbital gamma ray spectroscopy. However, nitrates or pernitrates are yet to be detected. The modeled formation of perchlorate via purely gas-phase oxidation of volcanically-derived chlorine is insufficient by orders of magnitude to explain 0.4-0.6 wt.% ClO4- measured by NASA’s Phoenix Lander. The far smaller amount of ozone in the martian atmosphere compared to the terrestrial atmosphere and the colder, drier conditions are the cause of lower rates of gas phase oxidation of chlorine volatiles to perchloric acid. Our calculations imply that non-gas-phase processes not included in the photochemical model, such as heterogeneous reactions, are likely important for the formation of perchlorate and are yet to be identified. (c) 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.


英文关键词Mars Mars, atmosphere Photochemistry Atmospheres, chemistry Mars, surface
类型Article
语种英语
国家USA ; Scotland
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000331668100005
WOS关键词GAS-PHASE REACTIONS ; NATURAL PERCHLORATE ; PHOTOCHEMICAL DATA ; MERIDIANI-PLANUM ; MARS ; CHEMISTRY ; SURFACE ; CHLORINE ; CARBONATE ; OZONE
WOS类目Astronomy & Astrophysics
WOS研究方向Astronomy & Astrophysics
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/182524
作者单位1.Univ Washington, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA;
2.Univ St Andrews, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, St Andrews KY16 9AL, Fife, Scotland;
3.NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA;
4.Blue Marble Space Inst Sci, Seattle, WA 98145 USA
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Smith, Megan L.,Claire, Mark W.,Catling, David C.,et al. The formation of sulfate, nitrate and perchlorate salts in the martian atmosphere[J],2014,231:51-64.
APA Smith, Megan L.,Claire, Mark W.,Catling, David C.,&Zahnle, Kevin J..(2014).The formation of sulfate, nitrate and perchlorate salts in the martian atmosphere.ICARUS,231,51-64.
MLA Smith, Megan L.,et al."The formation of sulfate, nitrate and perchlorate salts in the martian atmosphere".ICARUS 231(2014):51-64.
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