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Iron oxide pigments may be an alternative treatment for limiting weathering of wood surfaces instead of stains or clear coatings. An earlier study suggested the ability of iron oxides to protect against discoloration varied with particle size. In this study, iron oxides with different crystal shapes and particle sizes were investigated along with a carbon black pigment. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) samples were impregnated with water borne iron oxide dispersions, exposed to predetermined amounts of solar radiation in the high desert of Eastern Oregon, and then evaluated for discoloration, checking and changes in chemical composition. The results from this observational study suggest that much higher levels of iron oxide are required than previously thought to prevent discoloration and limit lignin degradation. Large particle sizes led to greater opacity and provided greater protection, but no iron oxide protected as well as carbon black. The findings also suggested that iron oxides had no effect on checking, indicating that the mechanisms of discoloration and checking were not directly related.