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To understand the variation of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) in orchard ecosystem and it’s affecting factors, carbon flux was measured using eddy covariance system in a wine vineyard in arid northwest China during 2008-2010. Results show that vineyard NEE was positive value at the early growth stage, higher negative value at the mid-growth stage, and lower negative value at the later growth stage. Diurnal variation of NEE was "W" shaped curve in sunny day, but "U" shaped curve in cloudy day. Irrigation and pruning did not affect diurnal variation shape of NEE, however, irrigation reduced the difference between maximal and minimal value of NEE and pruning reduced the carbon sink capacity. The main factors affecting hourly NEE were canopy conductance (gc) and net radiation (R-n). The hourly NEE increased with the increase of gc or Rn when gc was less than 0.02 m . s(-1) or R-n was between 0 and 200 W . m(-2). The main factors affecting both daily and seasonal NEE were gc, air temperature (T-a), atmospheric CO2 density, vapour pressure deficit (VPD) and soil moisture content. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.