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Twenty-seven species of xylophagous Agaricomycetes growing in the central plain of the Sonoran desert were studied. A sampling of 10 localities was carried out during the 4 seasons in 3 different types of vegetation. The greatest diversity was recorded in microphyllous desert scrub (16 spp.), followed by mezquital (10 spp.) and sarcocaule scrub (8 spp.). Prosopis glandulosa (Fabaceae) was the host with the highest number of sporomes and species. Seven species caused a brown rot (25.9%) and 20(74.1%) a white rot of wood. The highest number of species was observed in summer with 26. Crinipellis zonata, Fomitiporia texana, Fuscoporia chrysea, Ganoderma sessiliforme, Perenniporia phloiophila, and Phellinus robiniae are new records for Sonora. Exidiopsis calcea, Hyphodontiella multiseptata, and Mycoacia uda are cited for the first time to Mexico, which increase to 670 species of fungi known for Sonora.