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Goats are important species of livestock for Brazil especially at the Northeast Region. Because of that Native goats breeds represent important genetic resources for conservation and breeding programs. Although there are some of infectious diseases that may affect to the conservation of this endangered breeds, particularly mastitis. The goal of this study study was to investigate the frequency and the etiology of mastitis in native goats and sheep born and raised in Brazilian semi-arid biom of Paraiba and Pernambuco state. A total of 480 fresh milk samples from of twelve native breeds of goat, from January to July 2012. All of the biological material were plated on Sheep blood supplemented with Agar Base, and incubated at 37 degrees C for 72 h. Gram-staining followed by biochemical tests were made for identification of bacteria. The results of bacteriological examinations showed 13.54% (65/480) of positive samples and the most frequent microorganisms isolated and identified were Staphylococcus spp., followed by Micrococcus spp. This is the first report of isolation of bacteria that may produce mastitis in native goats and sheep from the northeast semiarid region of Brazil. The results obtained in this study will allow authorities to implement preventive measures for this disease.