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The Patagonian weasel (Lyncodon patagonicus) is one of the least known carnivores from South America, and excluding some contributions, knowledge of it seems anecdotal. It is supposed to inhabit herbaceous and arid environments of Argentina and Chile. Here we assess the potential distribution of the Patagonian weasel both during the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We also integrate some of this information, providing a historical and geographic analysis (both through ecological niche modeling and biogeographic schemes) of the distribution of L. patagonicus. We found 2 major core areas of distribution, 1 in northwestern Argentina and another in southern Argentina (i.e., Patagonia). Patagonian weasel distribution seems to be primarily related to cold areas with marked temperature seasonality and elevations below 2,000 m above sea level. From LGM to the present, we observed a major retraction in potential distribution areas that might indicate the existence of a vicariance process affecting Patagonian weasel distribution.