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A study was conducted to evaluate structural adaptations in Aeluropus lagopoides (L.) Trin. ex Thw. under high salinity. Plants of this grass were collected from five different salt-affected habitats [Derawar Fort (DF); Traway Wala Toba (TT); Bai Lah Wala Dahar (BD); Ladam Sir (LS); Pati Sir (PS)] from the Lesser Cholistan Desert, Pakistan. All five ecotypes of A. lagopoides responded specifically to varying saline habitats in terms of root anatomical features, e.g. there was an increase in aerenchyma formation, increased sclerification in both external (hypodermis) and internal (many-layered sclerenchyma above the endodermis) cortical layers, and increased sclerification in the pith region due to the increased salinity of the habitat. At the highly salt-affected sites (LS and PS), plants had a well developed endodermis-like protective layer near the stem periphery, being a unique adaptation, not previously reported in any other grass species. Increased density of micro-hairs in lagopoides plants at both leaf surfaces was found with increase in salinity of the habitat. In conclusion, adaptive anatomical features were very conspicuous in plants growing at highly saline sites.