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While numerous studies focus on heterogeneity created by living plants and animal diggings in arid lands, little information exists on the pattern and role of heterogeneity created by large woody debris. We studied soil nutrient content, volumetric water content, and vegetation associated with the presence of logs in sites subject to different grazing intensity in a chenopod shrubland of South Australia. Soil volumetric water content was lower close to logs, and the soil there dried faster after rains. Organic carbon was higher, but available phosphorus was lower in soil associated with logs. We documented greater seedling emergence, species richness and diversity, and greater annual plant biomass next to logs. Our results were similar in the sites with high and low grazing pressure, the latter having higher numbers of seeds and species in the germinable soil seed bank. Logs in this system create patches that differ in properties from other patches in the system (i.e. those created by perennial plants, depressions, or diggings). Logs constitute a unique microenvironment which affects the plant community structure and may enhance the diversity of the system, and should be considered in management schemes. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.