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The aerosols are an important component of urban pollution and physico-chemistry of the atmosphere. It is essential to dispose cartographies three dimensions of their concentration by LIDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) method. The interest of optic measurements of LIDAR teledetection is to give a direct access to the repartition of limited layers and to the optical extinction of atmospheric particles. The characterization of micro-physical properties of aerosols (size, concentration) is, therefore less easy, because size distribution of aerosols interferes in an integral form within a certain extent of the optical extinction by physical properties of the measurement. Therefore, this has been realized in the case of less complex atmospheres (desert particles, acids, silica, fog, cloud). The principal objective of our study is the detection of the distribution of size of the desert aerosols by multispectral method LIDAR by using the model characteristic of Longtin. Measurements of concentrations thus will be possible without any presentation of distribution contrary to other methods such as LIDAR (taking by impaction).