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The study means to quantify the impact of aridification on the dynamics of agricultural-production systems in South-Western Romania, where the consequences of climate change become ever more visible. Vast tracts of farmland and especially arable land are nowadays increasingly impacted by recurring droughts, which caused the aridification of large areas, and occasionally the complete elimination of vegetation. The question arises, in this context dominated by these phenomena, how do the other components of the impacted territorial systems react. This study establishes a correlation between the evolution of the aridification process and the dynamic of water resources at regional level, the latter being a vital component in the development of agricultural-production systems. Research methodology included a detailed analysis of aridification in correlation with the fluctuation of certain hydrological and hydrogeological parameters, as well as, indirectly, an analysis of the connection between water resources and regional crops. The results obtained emphasize the decline of agricultural-production systems as a result of the expansion of aridification and the decommissioning of irrigation systems which, over a long time, had compensated the absence of precipitations.