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Two filamentous actinomycetes isolated from a hay meadow soil were provisionally assigned to the genus Streptomyces based on morphological features. The isolates were found to have chemical and morphological properties typical of the genus Streptomyces and formed distinct phyletic lines in the 16S rRNA gene tree. Isolate I36(T) was most closely related to Streptomyces glauciniger NBRC 100913(T) and isolate I37(T) to Streptomyces mirabilis NBRC 13450(T). Low DNA:DNA relatedness values were recorded between each of the isolates and their closest phylogenetic neighbour. The isolates were also distinguished from their nearest phylogenetic neighbour, and from one another, using a combination of phenotypic properties. These data indicate that the isolates should be recognised as new species in the genus Streptomyces. The names proposed for these new taxa are Streptomyces erringtonii sp. nov. and Streptomyces kaempferi sp. nov. with isolate I36(T) (=CGMCC 4.7016(T) = KACC 15424(T)) and isolate I37(T) (=CGMCC 4.7020(T) = KACC 15428(T)) as the respective type strains.