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Subterranean tuco-tucos of the genus Ctenomys are caviomorph rodents comprising a complex of over 50 nominal species found in the southern half of South America. The validity of several nominal forms awaits a proper assessment. The population of Ctenomys from Nacunan Biosphere Reserve (Mendoza, Argentina) has been classically considered to represent a distinct species and has been commonly referred as Ctenomys "eremofilus". Based on molecular and cytogenetic analysis we assessed the taxonomic status of the Ctenomys population of Nacunan. Specimens analyzed showed two very similar chromosome complements (2n=48 and 2n=50), the latter being widely distributed in populations of C. mendocinus. Similarly, haplotypes recovered from Nacunan specimens are very similar and sister to those recovered from specimens of C. mendocinus. Considering this evidence we conclude that the individuals of Ctenomys from Nacunan population should be assignable to C. mendocinus.