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Populations of Haloxylon A phyllum in the Kyzylkum Desert have been found to be markedly deficient in heterozygotes at a medium level of genetic diversity (P (95) = 0.56, A = 1.67, H (o) = 0.14, H (e) = 0.28). Spatial genetic differentiation of these populations have been revealed along a soil salinity gradient (from 0 to 0.5 mmol Na+/g), with their genetic diversity reaching a maximum (H (o) = 0.21-0.25, H (e) = 0.25-0.27) in areas with a moderate salinity level (0.05-0.1 mmol Na+/g). Locus Got-2 can serve as a marker of this differentiation (Fst(Got-2) = 0.4).