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The seed bank structure in the semiarid valley of Zapotitlan, Puebla was studied. The record of the composition and abundance of the seed bank was conducted in 2 types of vegetation (tetechera and thorny scrub) in the microhabitats (under shrubs, open space and refuse- dumps of granivorous ants Pogonomyrmex barbatus). Seed collection was carried out in dry, rainy and late rainy seasons for 2 years. There were no differences in seed density between seasons and years, but there were differences between microhabitats evaluated. The microhabitat of the ant refuse-dumps had the highest abundance of seeds, which highlights the importance of ants in the spatial conformation of the structure of communities in these ecosystems. Seeds of 38 species of plants were recorded. The average density ranged from 23 800 to 28 000 seeds m(-2), consistent with other reports for arid and semiarid regions. The most frequent species were the annual Eragrostis mexicana, Bouteloua barbata, Kallstroemia rosei and Portulaca pilosa. Results show that this area had a high heterogeneity at site and microhabitat level. It is necessary to conduct more studies on spatio-temporal patterns in seed banks and their relationship with the standing vegetation in arid and semiarid areas in Mexico.