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An updated list of the birds recorded in Serra da Capivara National Park and environs, in the semi-arid caatinga of northeastern Brazil, includes 238 species, of which 193 were recorded in the park. The region has most of the taxa considered as caatinga endemics except for the macaw Anodorhynchus leari and a group mostly associated with the Sao Francisco valley (Hydropsalis vielliardi, Cranioleuca vulpina reiseri, Schoenophylax phryganophyla petersi and Saltator coerulescens superciliaris). Five species previously listed for the area were excluded due to local extinctions (Rhea americana, Cyanopsitta spixi, Sporophila maximiliani) or misidentifications (Synallaxis gr. ruficapilla, Formicivora grisea). Serra da Capivara, together with nearby Serra das Confusoes National Park, forms one of the largest protected mosaics in the caatinga, a biome severally in need of better protection.