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The group size and composition of goitered gazelles were investigated over several years in Kazakhstan. Most gazelles formed groups of one to three individuals all year round. This small herd size recorded in our study area was probably a consequence of the feeding ecology of the goitered gazelle, which is a very selective ruminant of small body size. With respect to group composition, female and male groups were the most often noted (52.0% and 37.9%), while mixed herds and groups of yearlings were considerably rarer (4.6% and 5.5%). Moreover, mixed groups were the largest groups (mean +/- SE: 5.29 +/- 0.25 individuals per group), followed by female groups (2.40 +/- 0.03), male groups (2.14 +/- 0.05), and yearling herds (1.49 +/- 0.05). In addition, the grouping pattern varied seasonally and corresponded very closely to the yearly breeding cycle of the goitered gazelle. Nevertheless, it remains consistent with what is known of the grouping pattern of other gazelles.