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Shiraz plain, covering an area of roughly 300 km(2) and having an average altitude of 1500 meters, is located in Fars province, in the South of Iran, in a climatologically arid and semi-arid region. Due to the problems emanated from elevated water level in parts of Shiraz plain, some drainage system constructions have been implemented with different purposes, the most significant of which are drawing down the water table in South East Shiraz and transferring water to Sarvestan plain. These projects were studied and initiated by Fars Regional Water Organization in 1993 and they are at operational stages nowadays. In the present study, after investigating the factors affecting elevated groundwater level in Shiraz plain and Shiraz city and examining such prevention techniques as the use of a drainage system, the effects of the aforementioned projects on averting water table rise in Shiraz plain in the future were simulated via PMWIN Model. After calibration and validation of the model, the required parameters were determined and groundwater level in the plain with and without the drainage system was simulated for four different cases. The results of all cases indicated that although lowering the elevated groundwater level project at South East of the plain and Shiraz urban sewage collection system were both being carried out simultaneously, in most parts of the study area, groundwater levels did not go down to the expected extent (10 meters), and hence, Khatoon drainage alone cannot solve the elevated water table problem. There is, accordingly, a need for more drainage lines in the plain. [A.R. Karimipour, G. Banitaleby, I. Karimipour, M. Ahmadi. Studying of performance of the under construction drainage system in shiraz plain. Life Sci J 2012; 9(3):954-966]. (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 137