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A large part of the world faces the problem of aridity, e.g. in Australia, the semi-arid and arid regions occupy about 50-75% of the country. There is a serious lack of data on many key hydrological processes in the arid regions, which makes it difficult to understand the hydrological processes in these regions. Although arid regions are characterised by a very low mean annual rainfall, it can experience severe flooding causing widespread damage. In hydrological literature, there is a limited presence of the application of regional flood frequency analysis (RFFA) studies for the world arid regions due to limited data availability.

This paper presents a RFFA study for the semi-arid and arid regions of Australia using the most up-to-date data set and compares the results with that of the world data. It has been found that arid catchments exhibit a higher loss and lower runoff coefficient values as expected. Based on four model selection criteria and L-moments ratio diagram, it has been found that a Generalised Pareto distribution is preferable to the Exponential distribution to fit the partial duration series flood data in the arid regions of Australia. It has also been found that the arid region exhibits much steeper flood frequency growth curve than that of the humid region and the growth curve gets steeper with the decreasing mean annual rainfall. The developed growth curve for the semi-arid and arid region of Australia is found to be similar to other typical semi-arid and arid regions of the world. The developed prediction equation for the mean annual flood in the semi-arid and arid region of Australia uses two readily obtainable predictor variables (catchment area and design rainfall intensity), which can be used along with the developed growth curve to estimate design floods for the ungauged catchments in these regions with reasonable accuracy. The growth curve developed in this study is primarily applicable to the semi-arid and arid regions of Australia; however, this may be adapted to other similar regions of the world along with the locally developed prediction equation for the scaling factor (i.e. mean annual flood in this case) to derive preliminary design flood estimates. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.