Arid
DOI10.1029/2012JE004074
Drainage network development in the Keanakako’i tephra, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai’i: Implications for fluvial erosion and valley network formation on early Mars
Craddock, Robert A.1; Howard, Alan D.2; Irwin, Rossman P., III1; Tooth, Stephen3; Williams, Rebecca M. E.4; Chu, Pao-Shin5
通讯作者Craddock, Robert A.
来源期刊JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS
ISSN2169-9097
EISSN2169-9100
出版年2012
卷号117
英文摘要

A number of studies have attempted to characterize Martian valley and channel networks. To date, however, little attention has been paid to the role of lithology, which could influence the rate of incision, morphology, and hydrology as well as the characteristics of transported materials. Here, we present an analysis of the physical and hydrologic characteristics of drainage networks (gullies and channels) that have incised the Keanakako’i tephra, a basaltic pyroclastic deposit that occurs mainly in the summit area of Kilauea Volcano and in the adjoining Ka’u Desert, Hawai’i. The Keanakako’i tephra is up to similar to 10 m meters thick and largely devoid of vegetation, making it a good analog for the Martian surface. Although the scales are different, the Keanakako’i drainage networks suggest that several typical morphologic characteristics of Martian valley networks may be controlled by lithology in combination with ephemeral flood characteristics. Many gully headwalls and knickpoints within the drainage networks are amphitheater shaped, which results from strong-over-weak stratigraphy. Beds of fine ash, commonly bearing accretionary lapilli (pisolites), are more resistant to erosion than the interbedded, coarser weakly consolidated and friable tephra layers. Because the banks of the gullies and channels are easily eroded widths vary downslope, similar to Martian valley networks that have been characterized as "degraded." The floors of the gullies and channels tend to be low-relief with few prominent bed forms, reflecting the large proportion of sediment transported as bed load in high-energy but short-lived flood events. We calculate that the average flow velocities within the drainage networks are typically <10 cm/s, occurring during floods that probably last less than an hour. Analyses of sediment deposits that have overlain lava flows of known ages suggest that these ephemeral flood events are associated with large cold core winter cyclones, known locally as ’kona storms’, that are capable of generating precipitation at rates >1 m/24 h. Given some recent modeling of the early Martian climate, our observations imply that rainfall on early Mars could also be associated with large intense events and that Martian valley network formation may be related to similar cyclonic storms.


类型Article
语种英语
国家USA ; Wales
收录类别SCI-E
WOS记录号WOS:000308009600004
WOS关键词MARTIAN OUTFLOW CHANNELS ; CARBON-DIOXIDE CLOUDS ; GRAVEL-BED RIVERS ; GUSEV CRATER ; EXPLOSIVE ERUPTIONS ; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT ; ORBITER CAMERA ; WATER FLOWS ; ASH MEMBER ; SURFACE
WOS类目Geochemistry & Geophysics
WOS研究方向Geochemistry & Geophysics
资源类型期刊论文
条目标识符http://119.78.100.177/qdio/handle/2XILL650/173638
作者单位1.Smithsonian Inst, Natl Air & Space Museum, Ctr Earth & Planetary Studies, Washington, DC 20560 USA;
2.Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA;
3.Aberystwyth Univ, Inst Geog & Earth Sci, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, Wales;
4.Planetary Sci Inst, Tucson, AZ USA;
5.Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
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Craddock, Robert A.,Howard, Alan D.,Irwin, Rossman P., III,等. Drainage network development in the Keanakako’i tephra, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai’i: Implications for fluvial erosion and valley network formation on early Mars[J],2012,117.
APA Craddock, Robert A.,Howard, Alan D.,Irwin, Rossman P., III,Tooth, Stephen,Williams, Rebecca M. E.,&Chu, Pao-Shin.(2012).Drainage network development in the Keanakako’i tephra, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai’i: Implications for fluvial erosion and valley network formation on early Mars.JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS,117.
MLA Craddock, Robert A.,et al."Drainage network development in the Keanakako’i tephra, Kilauea Volcano, Hawai’i: Implications for fluvial erosion and valley network formation on early Mars".JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS 117(2012).
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