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Two Gram-staining-positive, aerobic, non-sporulating bacteria forming short rods and cocci, designated MB1-7 and MB1-14(T), were isolated from the Taklamakan desert. The isolates could oxidize manganese (II) ions. The isolates shared 95.4-98.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with members of the genus Mycetocola. Although the isolates possessed chemotaxonomic properties similar to those of Mycetocola reblochoni, they were readily distinguished from this taxon by DNA-DNA relatedness and phenotypic characters. According to morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics, as well as phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness, the two isolates represent a novel species of the genus Mycetocola, for which the name Mycetocola manganoxydans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MB1-14(T) (=CCTCC AB 209002(T) = KCTC 19753(T)).